Underground coal mining AMR PEMCO has supported the global coal mining industry for nearly six decades with electrical ground checkground fault monitoring power centers electronic circuit breakers mine wide atmospheric monitoring systems wireless communications asset and personnel tracking solutions and a variety of monitoring and.
Two main longwall systems are widely practiced The system described above known as the retreating method is the most commonly used in the United States In this method the block is developed to its boundary first and then the block is mined back toward the main haulage tunnel In the advancing longwall method which is more common in Europe development of the block takes place only 30 to 40 metres ahead of the mining of the block and the two operations proceed together to the boundary.
In the shortwall mining method the layout is similar to the longwall method except that the block of coal is not more than 100 metres wide Furthermore the slices are as much as three metres thick and are taken by a continuous miner The mined coal is dumped onto a face conveyor or other face haulage equipment The roof is supported by specially designed shields which operate in the same manner as longwall shields Although a great future was envisioned for shortwall mining it has not lived up to expectations.
Capital and operating costs for coal haulage are lowest in a drift access Capital investment for coal haulage in a shaft or a slope is somewhat similar but operating costs are generally higher in a shaft owing to the noncontinuous nature of shaft coal handling facilities It has been estimated that shafts and slopes drifts and permanent equipment in these access openings may account for more than 30 percent of the capital investment in a large mine.
Additional supporting systems for entries mains submains and panels include temporary or permanent hydraulic or friction props cribs made of timber or reinforced concrete block yieldable steel arches and roof trusses.
In room and pillar systems electric powered rubber tired vehicles called shuttle cars haul coal from the face to the intermediate haulage system In some semimechanized or manual longwall operations chain haulage is used while the face haulage equipment of choice in modern mechanized longwall systems is an armoured face conveyor AFC In addition to carrying coal from the face the AFC serves as the guide for the longwall shearer which rides on it see above Mining methods Longwall mining.
For the transport of maintenance and operating supplies to the working sections advantage is taken of the mainline intermediate and face haulage systems Monorail systems or endless rope haulage systems which are much like ski lifts are commonly used in intermediate and face systems to transport supplies to the working faces In all belt mines it is not unusual to have trolley rail haulage for carrying workers and materials to and from the working face Other supply haulage equipment includes scoops and battery or diesel powered trucks.
Advancements in sensor technology and in computer hardware and software capabilities are finding increasing application in underground coal mines especially in the monitoring and control of ventilation haulage and machine condition Longwall shearers and shields can be remotely operated and continuous miners have also been equipped with automatic controls The atmospheric environment is remotely monitored for air velocity concentrations of various gases and airborne dust fans and pumps are also monitored continuously for their operational status and characteristics.
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Methane in the Atmosphere Coal mine methane emissions from underground mining are often caught and used as town fuel chemical feedstock vehicle fuel and industrial fuel but very rarely is everything captured Methane is less prevalent in the atmosphere as compared to carbon dioxide but it is 20 times more powerful as a greenhouse gas.
New Delhi State owned Coal India Ltd CIL on Thursday said it plans to restore production from its discontinued underground mines and has identified 12 such blocks with provisional mineable reserves of around 1 060 million tonnes The move is seen as part of efforts by the PSU coal major to meet its overall production target of one billion tonnes in the next four years.
May 27 2020nbsp018332The firm will stop coal production from the underground mine for 59 days from 19 June after high grade thermal coal and semi soft coking coal.
Longwall mining is a highly mechaniz ed underground mining sys tem for mining coal It set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shear er mounted on convey or operating.
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